1.
Background
Nao is
a humanoid robot program developed by AldebaranRobotics, a French-based
robotics company headquartered in Paris. The development of this humanoid robot
began with the launch of Project Nao in 2004.
On
August 15, 2007, Nao replaced Sony's Aibo robot dog as a robot used in RoboCup
Standard Platform League (SPL), an international soccer robot competition. The
Nao was used in RoboCup 2008 and 2009, and NaoV3R was chosen as the platform
for SPL in RoboCup 2010. Several versions of this humanoid robot have been
released since 2008. The Nao Academics Edition is developed at universities and
laboratories for research and education purposes. The study was released for
the agency in 2008, and is available to the public in 2011.
Various
upgrades to the Nao platform have been released, including Nao Next Gen 2011
and 2014 Nao Evolution. The Nao Robot has been used for research and education
purposes in academic institutions around the world. By 2015, more than 5,000
units of Nao are being used in more than 50 countries. Robocup's Nao edition
has 21 (DOF), while the academic edition has 25 DOF, as it is built with two
hands that have the ability to grip. However, the number 25 for DOF is
technically misleading, because each leg has a "DOHPPitch" movement
shaft totaling 1 DOF for the pelvis.
All Nao
versions feature an inertial measurement unit of four ultrasonic sensors that
maintain Nao's stability. Nao also features powerful multimedia systems,
including four microphones, two speakers and two CMOS cameras, four
text-to-speech syntheses, voice localization and facial and shape recognition,
and various other capabilities. Nao has a pair of eyes and four microphones in
his ears that allow him to analyze the emotions, facial expressions, and tone
of the voice of the customer, so that it responds appropriately. Nao can kindly
greet customers with 'Hello' or 'Welcome,' then continue.
Source :
2.
THEORY
1. Demonstrative
Pronouns
This class of pronouns direct the
reader’s attention to an implied noun:
“I’m not going to eat this.”
“That was quite an
experience!”
“What are these?”
“I’ve never seen those before.”
“Such is my
understanding of the situation.”
These sentences closely resemble
the type in which the same words appear as adjectives — for example, “I’m not
going to eat this food” — but in such case, they have a
different identity: When they modify nouns, these words are called determiners.
2. Indefinite Pronouns
Not to be confused with indefinite
relative pronouns, described below, these are pronouns that act as nouns:
“All were present at
the meeting.”
“Each was guilty in his
or her own way.”
“One has to keep up
appearances.”
“Good fortune comes to some.”
“None of them showed
up.”
“Is anybody interested?”
“Somebody is going to
pay for this.”
“Have you sent invitations to everybody?”
There are many more indefinite
pronouns than these: any, fewer, several, most, and other related
words; these also function as determiners (adjectives):
“I recognized several people
at the party.”
3. Intensive Pronouns
Intensive pronouns are simply
personal pronouns with -self or -selves attached, such as in the following
sentences:
“I myself don’t
have an opinion.”
“She would have said so herself,
but he beat her to it.”
Intensive pronouns, like the
otherwise identical-looking reflexive pronouns (below), are not essential to
the sentence; omit the highlighted word in each of these examples, and the
sentences still make sense without the intensive pronoun.
4. Interrogative Pronouns
These pronouns introduce interrogative sentences:
“Who are you?”
“What is the meaning of life?”
“Which way should I go?”
Like some other types of pronouns, these can serve as
determiners (sometimes called, in this role, interrogative adjectives).
Sentences in which interrogative pronouns appear don’t always
end with question marks:
“I know who you are.”
“She told you what the meaning of life is.”
“They know which way to go.”
5. Reciprocal Pronouns
These
pronouns combine ideas, hence the name:
“Have you
met each other before?”
“We shared
our thoughts with one another.”
The
distinction in use is whether you refer to two people (“each other”) or to more
than two (“one another”).
6. Reflexive Pronouns
These pronouns have the same form
as intensive pronouns but differ in that they refer reflexively to the
antecedent (a corresponding noun the pronoun refers to):
“I bought myself a
new car.” (Myself is reflexive of I.)
“Have you looked at yourself in
the mirror lately? (Yourself is reflexive of you.)
They are also essential to the
sentence; if you omitted the highlighted word in each of these examples, the
sentences would be incomplete.
The erroneous use of reflexive
pronouns in sentences such as “Jane and myself were there when it happened”
(instead of “Jane and I were there when it happened”) is called an untriggered
reflexive, because there was no antecedent to trigger the pronoun. (“Jane and
I” itself is the subject. This subject is the antecedent of we in “Jane and I
were there when it happened, but we didn’t see anything,” but there’s no need
for a reflexive pronoun in that sentence.)
7. Relative Pronouns
These are the type of pronouns
that, as the name implies, relate words to other pronouns or to nouns:
“Who were you talking
to?”
“I’ll find out which one
is correct.”
“The vase that was
on the table is missing.”
A subgroup of relative pronouns,
the indefinite relative pronouns, lack an antecedent:
“What were you saying?”
“Whoever said that is
asking for trouble.”
“I’ll do whatever I
please.”
3.
Analysist
|
Pronoun Type
|
Example from background
|
|
Demonstrative
Pronoun
|
1. The development of this
humanoid robot began with the launch of Project Nao in 2004. – 1st
paragraph
2. Several versions of this
humanoid robot have been released since 2008 – 2nd paragraph
|
|
Indefinite
Pronoun
|
1.
because each leg has a "DOHPPitch" movement shaft totaling 1
DOF for the pelvis – 3rd paragraph
|
|
Intensive
Pronoun
|
N/A
|
|
Interrogrative
Pronoun
|
N/A
|
|
Reciprocal
Pronoun
|
N/A
|
|
Reflexive Pronoun
|
N/A
|
|
Relative Pronoun
|
1.
All Nao versions feature an
inertial measurement unit of four ultrasonic sensors that maintain Nao's stability. - 3rd paragraph
2.
Nao has a pair of eyes and
four microphones in his ears that
allow him to analyze the emotions, - 4rd paragraph
|
4. CONCLUSION
According
to my conclusion from the background, the robot nao or humonoid robot can be
called one of the most sophisticated and sophisticated technological
inventions, because the robot can speak fluently in 19 languages, then can
greet customers with the word "hallo", "welcome" , etc.
this robot may be practiced in the world of education so that children can
learn with ano robot and while playing with this robot.
for the conclusions of the
analysis I made against the background, from the 7 pronouns I got from the
existing terori, only 3 pronouns I got, namely Demonstrative Pronoun, Reflexive
pronoun, and relative pronoun. while the other 4 pronouns are not found in the
background I made.
Source:
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